Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
All living things are made of either one cell or many cells, but not all cells are alike!
There are two types of cells; Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.
There are two types of cells; Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic Cells |
Eukaryotic Cells |
Prokaryotes are different than other types of cells because all prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells are small, simple cells found in bacteria or archaea.
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Eukaryotes exist in all shapes and sizes, but ALL contain membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are large, complex cells found in animals, plants, and protists. |
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Prokaryote and Eukaryote Assignments |
Cellular Transport
Cells are the smallest unit of life. Cells must be capable of every characteristic of life even though cells are small and may work together to make up larger organisms. In order to be ALIVE every cell must be able to transport materials IN and OUT of the cell. All materials must exit or enter through the cell membrane or transport proteins.
There are 3 types of cellular transport:
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Passive Transport
Passive transport uses the concentration gradient on the inside and outside of the cell to move materials WITHOUT USING ENERGY. The cells use passive transport to have specific molecules reach equilibrium, a balanced amount on each side of the membrane.
DiffusionDiffusion is the process of molecules moving through the CELL MEMBRANE to reach equilibrium. Molecules will move from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration.
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Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated diffusion is the process of molecules moving through PROTEIN CHANNELS to reach equilibrium. Molecules will move through protein channels because the molecule may Molecules will move from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration.
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Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Water always wants to move where there is less water. More solutes, or non-water molecules, present than the less water available. Therefore, water will move to where there is less water or where there is more solutes.
The movement of water can be predicted based on the type of solution surrounding the cell. There are 3 types of osmotic solutions; hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic. More information on osmosis and each solution can be found in the notes.
Osmosis Assignments
Active Transport
Active transport is unique because the cell is moving molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient, or from a low concentration to high concentration. The cell needs to use energy in order to move molecules against the concentration gradient.
Large Molecule Transport
Cells need to drink and eat to get the materials needed to build organelles and complete everyday cellular functions. Cells will then get rid of any unwanted waster products, or in other words cell's poop!
Exocytosis - the process of large molecules exiting, or leaving the cell
Endocytosis - the process of large molecules entering the cell Types of Endocytosis: Phagocytosis - cellular eating; large food molecules entering the cell Pinocytosis - cellular drinking; large amounts of fluids entering the cell Receptor Mediated Endocytosis - specific molecules entering the cell |
Endocytosis in action!
In the video, an amoeba uses phagocytosis to eat 2 paramecia. Both amoebas and paramecia are single-celled eukaryotes.
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